Primarily, life is a process. All living agents are constituted by elements that underlie physics and chemistry. Symbiotic relationships are an important component of life. Symbioses occurs within and across all scales of life, from microbial to macro-faunal systems. Symbiosis has also played a central role in the pre-biotic evolution, in the emergency and evolution of eukaryotes, in the origin of land plants, and in a myriad of adaptive evolutionary innovations. It is the main rule in nature, and the main evolutionary mechanism in the establishment and maintenance of biomes, as well as the foundation of biodiversity. Organisms living symbiotically and…
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