The ocean is constantly exchanging with the atmosphere. It stores and distributes large amounts of heat around the globe via ocean currents. The ocean plays a key role for the global climate. It controls how heat, carbon, nutrients and dissolved gases are exchanged between the upper and lower layers of the ocean. However, this regulatory mechanism is presently disturbed by global warming, consequence of the greenhouse effect. It is important to raise awareness of tipping points in the Earth system under human-induced climate change. Ocean heatwaves have led to mass coral bleaching and to the loss of half of the…
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